Esnoga Bet Emunah

12210 Luckey Summit

San Antonio, TX 78252

United States of America

https://www.betemunah.org/

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Esnoga Bet El

102 Broken Arrow Dr.

Paris TN 38242

United States of America

https://torahfocus.com/

E-Mail: waltoakley@charter.net

Triennial Cycle (Triennial Torah Cycle) / Septennial Cycle (Septennial Torah Cycle)

Three- and 1/2-year Lectionary Readings	Third Year of the Triennial Reading Cycle
Kislev 23, 5782 / November 26-27, 2021	Seventh Year of the Shmita Cycle

Candle Lighting and Habdalah Times: https://www.chabad.org/calendar/candlelighting.htm

Roll of Honor:

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For their regular and sacrificial giving, providing the best oil for the lamps, we pray that GOD’s richest blessings be upon their lives and those of their loved ones, together with all Yisrael and her Torah Scholars, amen ve amen!

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Blessings Before Torah Study

Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our GOD, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us through Your commandments, and commanded us to actively study Torah. Amen!

Please Ha-Shem, our GOD, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our mouths and in the mouths of all Your people Israel. May we and our offspring, and our offspring's offspring, and all the offspring of Your people, the House of Israel, may we all, together, know Your Name and study Your Torah for the sake of fulfilling Your delight. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Who teaches Torah to His people Israel. Amen!

Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our GOD, King of the universe, Who chose us from all the nations, and gave us the Torah. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!

Ha-Shem spoke to Moses, explaining a Commandment. "Speak to Aaron and his sons and teach them the following Commandment: This is how you should bless the Children of Israel. Say to the Children of Israel:

May Ha-Shem bless you and keep watch over you; - Amen!

May Ha-Shem make His Presence enlighten you, and may He be kind to you; - Amen!

May Ha-Shem bestow favor on you and grant you peace. – Amen!

This way, the priests will link My Name with the Israelites, and I will bless them."

These are the Laws for which the Torah did not mandate specific amounts: How much growing produce must be left in the corner of the field for the poor; how much of the first fruits must be offered at the Holy Temple; how much one must bring as an offering when one visits the Holy Temple three times a year; how much one must do when performing acts of kindness; and there is no maximum amount of Torah that a person must study.

These are the Laws whose benefits a person can often enjoy even in this world, even though the primary reward is in the Next World: They are: Honoring one's father and mother; doing acts of kindness; early attendance at the place of Torah study -- morning and night; showing hospitality to guests; visiting the sick; providing for the financial needs of a bride; escorting the dead; being very engrossed in prayer; bringing peace between two people, and between husband and wife; but the study of Torah is as great as all of them together. Amen!

We pray for our beloved Hakham His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Yosef ben Haggai. Mi Sheberach…He who blessed our forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Aaron, David, and Solomon, may He bless and heal the sick person HE Rabbi Dr. Yosef ben Haggai, May the Holy One, Blessed is He, be filled with compassion for him to restore his health, to heal him, to strengthen him, and to revivify him. And may He send him speedily a complete recovery from heaven, among the other sick people of Yisrael, a recovery of the body and a recovery of the spirit, swiftly and soon, and we will say amen ve amen!

Special Requests from His Eminence Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai:

He Who blessed our holy matriarchs, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah, Miriam the Prophetess. Abigail, and Esther daughter of Abigail – may He bless the sick mother of three children HE Giberet Hannah bat Sarah (the much-loved niece of HH Giberet Giborah bat Sarah) and send her a complete recovery in all her organs and all her blood vessels. Please HaShem, heal her now. Please HaShem, heal her now. Please HaShem, heal her now among the other sick people of Your people Israel. And so may it be His will, and we all will say with one voice: AMEN ve AMEN

Mi Shebberach He Who blessed our holy matriarchs, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel and Leah, Miriam the Prophetess. Abigail, and Esther, daughter of Abigail – may He bless the sick HH Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah HaRabbanit (the beloved wife of His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham) who has lost 45% of her kidneys’ function and send her a complete recovery in all her organs and all her blood vessels. Please HaShem, heal her now. Please HaShem, heal her now. Please HaShem, heal her now among the other sick people of Your people Israel. And so may it be His will, and for the sake of the Holy One of Yisrael, and we all say with one voice: AMEN ve AMEN!

Shabbat: “El Roshe HaMatot” – Sabbath: “To the heads of the tribes”

Shabbat	Torah Reading:	Weekday Torah Reading:
אֶל-רָאשֵׁי הַמַּטּוֹת		Saturday Afternoon
“El Roshe HaMatot”	Reader 1 – B’Midbar 30:2-4	Reader 1 – B’Midbar 31:6-8
“To the heads of the tribes”	Reader 2 – B’Midbar 30:5-7	Reader 2 – B’Midbar 31:9-11
“A los Príncipes de las Tribus”	Reader 3 – B’Midbar 30:8-10	Reader 3 – B’Midbar 31:6-11
B’Midbar (Num.) 30:2- 31:5	Reader 4 – B’Midbar 30:11-13
Ashlamatah: Is 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11	Reader 5 – B’Midbar 30:14-17	Monday and Thursday Mornings
	Reader 6 – B’Midbar 31:1-3	Reader 1 – B’Midbar 31:6-8
Psalms: 105: 37-45	Reader 7 – B’Midbar 31:3-5	Reader 2 – B’Midbar 31:9-11
	Maftir – B’Midbar 31:3-5	Reader 3 – B’Midbar 31:6-11
Mk 12:18-27: Luke 20:27-40	Is 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11

Contents of the Torah Seder

· Sacredness of Vows – Numbers 30:2-3

· Vows of a Young Unmarried Woman – Numbers 30:4-6

· Case of the Married Woman Who Made The Vow Whilst Single – Numbers 30:7-9

· Vows of a Widow and Divorced Woman – Numbers 30:10-16

· War Against the Midianites – Numbers 31:1-5

Rashi & Targum Pseudo Jonathan

for: B’midbar (Numbers) ‎‎30:2 – 31:5

Rashi	Targum Pseudo Jonathan
2. Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the children of Israel, saying: This is the thing the Lord has commanded.	2. AND Mosheh spoke with the chiefs of the Tribes of the Bene Yisrael, saying: This is the Word which the LORD has spoken, saying:
3. If a man makes a vow to the Lord or makes an oath to prohibit himself, he shall not violate his word; according to whatever came out of his mouth, he shall do.	3. A man, a son of thirteen when he will have vowed a vow before the LORD, or have sworn an oath, saying, I will withhold from such a thing which is permitted to me, will not be allowed to relax his word (at his own will): nevertheless, the house of judgment (beth din) can absolve him; but if they absolve him not, whatsoever has gone out of his mouth he will perform.
4. If a woman makes a vow to the Lord, or imposes a prohibition [upon herself] while in her father's house, in her youth,	4. And a female who has not passed twelve years when she has vowed a vow before the LORD, and has bound herself in her father's house until her thirteenth year;
5. if her father heard her vow or her prohibition which she has prohibited upon herself, yet her father remains silent, all her vows shall stand, and any prohibition that she has imposed upon herself shall stand.	5. and her father hear her vow, and whatever bond she has bound upon her soul, and her father be acquiescent, and speak not to her; then every vow and every bond which she has bound upon her soul will be confirmed.
6. But if her father hinders her on the day he hears it, all her vows and her prohibitions that she has imposed upon herself shall not stand. The Lord will forgive her because her father hindered her.	6. But if her father prohibit her on the day that he hears, or not being prepared to confirm, annuls after he has heard, (then) no vow or bond that she has bound upon her soul will be confirmed; but is remitted and forgiven her before the LORD, because her father has made her free from the authority of the vow, (or, nullified to her the power of the vow.)
7. But if she is [betrothed] to a man, with her vows upon her or by an utterance of her lips which she has imposed upon herself,	7. And if when she has been taken by a husband a vow be upon her, or her lips have expressed that which is binding upon her soul while in her father's house, and her father had not absolved her while unmarried, then, when she has been married, it will be confirmed.
8. and her husband hears it but remains silent on the day he hears it, her vows shall stand, and her prohibition which she has imposed upon herself shall stand.	8. But if after she is married, she make a vow, and her husband hear it, and on the day that he hears it he is minded to confirm it, and is silent to her, then the vow and the bond which she has bound upon her soul will be ratified.
9. But if her husband hinders her on the day he heard it, he has revoked the vow she had taken upon herself and the utterance which she had imposed upon herself, and the Lord will forgive her.	9. But if her husband prohibit her on the day that he hears, then the vow which is upon her, and the utterance of her lips which bound her soul, are remitted, and forgiven her.
10. As for the vow of a widow or a divorced woman, whatever she prohibited upon herself will remain upon her.	10. Yet the vow of a widow, or a divorced, whatever has bound her soul, will be confirmed upon her.
11. But if she vowed in her husband's house or imposed a prohibition upon herself with an oath.	11. But if, while she was in her husband's house, or while she had not attained to marriage years, she had vowed, or bound her soul with the bond of an oath
12. and her husband heard and remained silent, and did not hinder her, all her vows shall stand, and every prohibition she imposed upon herself shall stand.	12. which her husband had heard of, and had neither spoken nor prohibited her, or had died before she was married, then all her vows will be confirmed, and all the obligations with which she had bound her soul be ratified, and her father will have no power to absolve her.
13. If her husband revokes them on the day he hears them, anything issuing from her lips regarding her vows or self-imposed prohibitions shall not stand; her husband has revoked them, and the Lord shall forgive her.	13. But if her husband released her on the day that he heard, then, whatever her lips had pronounced to be a vow, or a bond upon her soul, will not be confirmed; and if her husband had annulled them, and she, not knowing, had performed, it will be forgiven her before the LORD.
14. Any vow or any binding oath of self-affliction, her husband can either uphold it or revoke it.	14. Every vow, every oath-bond to chasten the soul, her husband may ratify or annul.
15. However, if her husband remained silent from day to day, he has upheld all the vows and prohibitions she has assumed; he has upheld them since he remained silent on the day, he heard it.	15. But if her husband was silent and consented when he heard from one day to the next, then all her vows and all the bonds upon her are ratified; by his silence he has confirmed them; for he was silent to her on the day, and consented, and absolved her not on the day that he heard.
16. If he revokes them after having heard [them], he shall bear her iniquity.	16. But if, absolving, he would absolve her one day after he had heard, there is no force in the absolution; and if he then nullify the word, her husband or her father will bear her sin.
17. These are the statutes which the Lord commanded Moses concerning a man and his wife, a father, and his daughter, in her youth, while in her father's house.	17. These are the publications of the statutes which the LORD commanded Mosheh (on these matters) between a man and his wife, and a father and his daughter in the day of her youth in her father's house; but not in the time of her youth, and she be in the house of her husband.

1. The Lord spoke to Moses saying,	1. And the LORD spoke with Mosheh, saying:
2. "Take revenge for the children of Israel against the Midianites; afterwards you will be gathered to your people."	2. Take retribution for the children of Israel from the Midianites; and afterward you will be gathered to your people.
3. So Moses spoke to the people, saying, "Arm from among you men for the army, that they can be against Midian, and carry out the revenge of the Lord against Midian.	3. And Moses spoke with the people, saying: Arm of you men, for the host to make war against Midian, to give the people of the LORD avengement upon Midian;
4. A thousand for each tribe, a thousand for each tribe, from all the tribes of Israel you shall send into the army."	4. a thousand of each tribe of all the tribes of Israel send you to the war.
5. From the thousands of Israel one thousand was given over for each tribe, twelve thousand armed for battle.	5. And of the thousands of Israel fit men were chosen who gave up themselves, a thousand of a tribe, twelve thousand, armed for the war.

Welcome to the World of P’shat Exegesis

In order to understand the finished work of the P’shat mode of interpretation of the Torah, one needs to take into account that the P’shat is intended to produce a catechetical output, whereby a question/s is/are raised and an answer/a is/are given using the seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel and as well as the laws of Hebrew Grammar and Hebrew expression.

The Seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel are as follows

[cf. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=472&letter=R]:

1. Ḳal va-ḥomer: "Argumentum a minori ad majus" or "a majori ad minus"; corresponding to the scholastic proof a fortiori.

2. Gezerah shavah: Argument from analogy. Biblical passages containing synonyms or homonyms are subject, however much they differ in other respects, to identical definitions and applications.

3. Binyan ab mi-katub eḥad: Application of a provision found in one passage only to passages which are related to the first in content but do not contain the provision in question.

4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim: The same as the preceding, except that the provision is generalized from two Biblical passages.

5. Kelal u-Peraṭ and Peraṭ u-kelal: Definition of the general by the particular, and of the particular by the general.

6. Ka-yoẓe bo mi-maḳom aḥer: Similarity in content to another Scriptural passage.

7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano: Interpretation deduced from the context.

Rashi’s Commentary for: ‎ B’Midbar (Num.) 30:2 – 31:5

2 the heads of the tribes He honored the chieftains by teaching them first, and only later the rest of the Israelites. How do we know that he did so with other statements? For it says, “[Moses called to them] and Aaron and all the princes of the community returned to him, and Moses would speak to them. Afterwards, all the children of Israel would draw near” (Exod. 34:31- 32). [If so,] why did [Scripture] see fit to mention it here? It is to teach us that annulment of vows may be performed by a single expert, and if no single expert is available, it may be annulled by three laymen. Alternatively, perhaps Moses related this passage to the princes alone? However, here it says, “This is the word,” and in [the chapter dealing with] sacrifices slaughtered outside the Temple confines it [also] says, “This is the word” (Lev. 17:2). Just as there it was said to Aaron, his sons and all the Israelites, as it says, “Speak to Aaron, etc.” (Lev. 17:2), so in this case was it said to all of them.-[Ned. 78a]

This is the thing Moses prophesied with, “So says the Lord, 'At the dividing point of the night... ’” (Exod. 11:4), and the prophets prophesied with [the phrase] “So says the Lord.” But Moses surpassed them, for he prophesied with the expression, “This is the thing.” Another interpretation: “This is the thing” is exclusive, informing us that a sage [revokes a vow] with the expression הַתָּרָה , “release” and the husband through the expression הֲפָרָה “revocation,” as Scripture has here. If they exchange [these terms] there is neither a release nor a revocation.- [Sifrei Mattoth 2] a vow By saying, “It shall be prohibited just like a sacrifice, that I will not eat, or I will not do a certain thing.” One might think that even if he swears to eat carrion, I apply to him “according to whatever came out of his mouth, he shall do.” Scripture therefore states, "to prohibit"—to prohibit what is permitted, but not to permit what is prohibited.-[Sifrei Mattoth 7]

he shall not violate his word Heb. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ , like לֹא יְחַלֵּל דְּבָרוֹ “he shall not profane his word,” he shall not treat his word as being unholy.-[Sifrei Mattoth 8]

4 while in her father’s house Under her father’s jurisdiction, even if she is not [actually] in his house. -[Sifrei Mattoth 12]

in her youth Neither a minor nor an adult [above the age of twelve and a half], since a minor’s vows are invalid, and an adult is not under her father’s jurisdiction to revoke her vows. What is considered a minor? Our Rabbis said: A girl of eleven years and a day—her vows are examined. If she knew in whose name she vowed, or in whose name she consecrated something, her vow stands. From the age of twelve years and one day, she does not need to be tested.-[Niddah 45b]

6 But if her father hinders her Heb. הֵנִיא , if he prevented her from [fulfilling] the vow, that is to say, he revoked it. I would not know what this term of הַנָאָה [in the verse, הֵנִיא ] means. However, when it says, “But if her husband hinders her on the day he heard it, he has revoked” (verse 9), I conclude that הֲנָאָה means revocation. Literally, it is a term implying prevention and removal. Similarly, “Why do you discourage [lit., turn away (תְנִיאוּן) the people’s hearts]?” (32:7), and, “may the oil of the anointment of my head not turn my head away (יָנִי) ” (Ps. 141:5); similarly, “thus you will come to know My alienation (תְּנוּאֲתִי) ” (14:34), that you have turned away from Me.

and the Lord will forgive her To what case does the verse refer? To a woman who took a nazarite vow, and her husband heard and revoked it for her without her knowledge. She then transgressed her vow by drinking wine and becoming unclean through contact with corpses—such [a woman] requires forgiveness even though it was revoked. And if those which have been revoked require forgiveness, all the more so those which have not been revoked. -[Sifrei Mattoth 17]

7 If she is [betrothed] to a man Heb. וְאִם־הָיֽה תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ . This [refers to] a betrothed woman [i.e., אֲרוּסָה , the first stage of marriage, when the marriage ceremony has been performed, but the couple does not yet live together], or perhaps it refers to a married woman [ נְשׂוּאָה , who lives already with her husband]? When [Scripture] says, “if she vowed in her husband’s house” (verse 11) it speaks of a married woman, so this must refer to a betrothed woman, and it comes to distinguish her [the betrothed woman from the married woman] in that both her father and husband [must] revoke her vows. If the father revoked it, but the husband did not revoke it, or if the husband revoked it, but the father did not revoke it, it is not revoked, and it goes without saying that if one of them upheld it.-[Ned. 67a]

with her vows upon her which she had vowed while in her father’s house, but her father had not heard them, so they were neither revoked nor upheld.-[Sifrei Mattoth 20]

8 and her husband heard... Here you have the case that if the husband upholds it, it stands. -[Sifrei Mattoth 21]

9 he has revoked the vow she had taken upon herself I might think that even if the father had not revoked it [it is revoked]? Scripture therefore teaches, “in her youth, while in her father’s house” (verse 17); throughout her youth she is under her father’s jurisdiction. -[Sifrei Mattoth 31]

10 whatever she prohibited upon herself will remain upon her since she is neither under the jurisdiction of her father nor of her husband. Scripture refers to a widow from marriage, but if she is widowed from betrothal, as soon as her betrothed [husband] has died, she reverts to the jurisdiction of her father. -[Ned. 70a]

11 But if she made a vow in her husband’s house Scripture refers to a married woman (נְשׂוּאָה) . -[Sifrei Mattoth 25, Ned. 67a]

14 Any vow or any binding oath of self-affliction Since it says that the husband may revoke, I might think this includes all vows? Scripture therefore says, "of self-affliction"—he can revoke only vows of self-affliction. They are delineated in Tractate Nedarim (79a).

15 from day to day So that you should not say that [he has the power to revoke] for a twenty-four hour period, it says, “from day to day” to inform you that he may revoke only until nightfall.-[Ned. 76b]

16 after having heard them After he heard and upheld [them], by saying, “I approve of it” and then he retracted and revoked it, even on that very day.-[Sifrei Mattoth 30]

he shall bear her iniquity He takes her place. We learn from here that if someone causes his fellow to stumble, he bears his punishments in his place.-[Sifrei Mattoth 30]

Chapter 31

2 against the Midianites But not against the Moabites, for the Moabites were involved in the matter out of fear, since they were afraid of being plundered by them, because all it says is, “do not provoke them into battle” (Deut. 2:9), but the Midianites were angered over a dispute which did not concern them (See Sifrei Mattoth 33). Another interpretation: Because of the two good doves [virtuous proselytes] whom I have [in mind] to bring forth from them, [namely] Ruth the Moabitess and Naamah the Ammonitess (I Kings 14:21). -[B.K. 38b]

3 Moses spoke Although he heard that his death depended on the matter, he did it joyfully, without delay.-[Sifrei Mattoth 34, Mid. Tanchuma Mattoth 3, Num. Rabbah 22:2]

arm Heb. הֵחָלְצוּ , as the Targum [Onkelos renders זְרִיזוּ ], in the sense of “armed for battle” (verse 5), armed with weapons.-[See Sifrei Mattoth 34]

men Righteous men. Similarly, “choose men for us” (Exod. 17:9), and “men who are wise and renowned” (Deut. 1:15). -[Mid. Tanchuma Mattoth 3, Sifrei Mattoth 36, Num. Rabbah 22:2]

the revenge of the Lord For anyone opposing Israel is reckoned as opposing the Holy One, blessed is He.- [See Mid. Tanchuma Mattoth 3, Num. Rabbah 22:2]

4 from all the tribes including the tribe of Levi.-[Sifrei Mattoth 35]

5 was given over Heb. וִַיִּמָּסְרוּ . [The passive form is used] to inform you of the virtues of the Israelite shepherds [leaders]—how cherished they were by Israel. When they had not yet heard of his death, what did he say? “Just a little longer and they will stone me” (Exod. 17:4). But as soon as they heard that Moses’ demise was contingent upon the revenge against Midian, they refused to go, until they were given over against their will.-[Sifrei Mattoth 36, Mid. Tanchuma Mattoth 3, Num. Rabbah 22:3]

Reading Assignment:

The Torah Anthology: Yalkut Me’Am Lo’Ez - Vol 14: Numbers – II – Final Wonderings

By: Rabbi Yitzchaq Magriso

Published by: Moznaim Publishing Corp. (New York, 1983)

Vol. 14 – “Numbers – II – Final Wonderings,” pp. pp. 305-343.

Ketubim: Psalm 105:37-45

Rashi	Targum
37. And He took them out with silver and gold, and there was no pauper among their tribes.	37. And He brought them out with silver and with gold, and they did not quarrel with the Egyptians about the weight.
38. Egypt rejoiced with their departure for their fear had fallen upon them.	38. The Egyptians rejoiced when they left, for fear of them had fallen upon them.
39. He spread out a cloud for shelter, and fire to illuminate the night.	39. He spread out the clouds like a curtain, and fire to give light at night.
40. They asked, and He brought quails, and the bread of heaven sated them.	40. They asked for flesh, and He brought quail; and He will satisfy them with the bread of heaven.
41. He opened a rock and water flowed; in the deserts ran rivers.	41. He opened the rock and water flowed; it went into the dry places like a river.
42. For He remembered His holy word with Abraham His servant.	42. For He remembered His holy utterance with Abraham His servant.
43. And He took out His people with joy, His chosen ones with joyful singing.	43. And He brought out his people in joy, His chosen ones with praise.
44. And He gave them lands of nations, and they inherited the toil of kingdoms.	44. And He gave to them the lands of the Gentiles; and they will inherit the labor of the peoples.
45. In order that they keep His statutes and observe His laws. Hallelujah.	45. In order that they might keep His ordinances and observe His Torah. Hallelujah!

Rashi’s Commentary to Psalm 105:39-45

40 They asked, and He brought quails Israel asked for meat, and the Holy One, blessed be He, brought them quails.

41 in the deserts ran rivers Rivers flowed from the well in an arid land.

42 For He remembered The Holy One, blessed be He, [remembered] His holy word, which was with Abraham His servant, which He promised him (Gen. 15:14, 17): “and afterwards they will go out with many possessions...and a fourth generation will return here.”

Meditation from the Psalms

Psalms ‎‎105:37-45

By: H.Em. Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David

For continuity I am going to redo the opening remarks from the first part of our psalm.

This psalm was composed on the day King David brought the Holy^{^[1]} Ark from its temporary quarters in the home of Oved Edom to the holy city of Jerusalem, where it was installed with great ceremony and honor. The full details of the event are described in I Chronicles, chapter 16. Verses 8-22 of that chapter closely parallel the first fifteen verses of this psalm, while verses 23-33 of that chapter are an almost exact repetition of psalm 96.

Verse 7 there reads: On that day David determined the foremost activity to be the offering of thanks to HaShem, under the direction of Assaf and his brothers. Rashi explains that Assaf would recite one verse of praise at a time, which would then be repeated by his fellow Levites.

In this composition, the Psalmist emphasizes that the Jews who escorted the Holy Ark are the seed of Abraham, His servant. Abraham’s greatest accomplishment was that he traveled from place-to-place teaching and publicizing the Name of the One G-d. The Holy Ark of the Law also represents G-d’s Name. Thus, when David carried the Ark from place to place to the accompaniment of thanksgiving to the Almighty, he resembled his illustrious forebear, Avraham.^{^[2]}

Radak and Malbim^{^[3]} explain that the Levites sang psalm 105 each morning and psalm 96 each evening while the Holy Ark was housed in a temporary tent in Jerusalem. When Solomon built the Temple and the Ark was placed in its permanent abode, a perpetual order of songs was established. These were the Songs of the Day which were related to the respective days of the week and to each special festival.^{^[4]}

I would like to explore an interesting idea provoked by the opening pasuk of our psalm portion:

Tehillim (Psalms) 105:39 He spread a cloud for a screen; and fire to give light in the night.

Our sages have a general rule: In order to ascertain a word’s importance, one must retreat to its first appearance in the Torah and examine it in its original context. The context of the first use of a word in the Torah gives us the word’s essential meaning. The first use of aish - אש, the Hebrew word in the Torah for fire is in:

Bereshit (Genesis) 15:17 And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning (aish - אש) lamp that passed between those pieces. 18 In the same day HaShem made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: 19 The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, 20 And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, 21 And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.

This first use of the Hebrew word for fire (aish אש) teaches us that its essence is related to HaShem, who used the fire to communicate His presence and His desire to make a unilateral covenant with Avraham. The Torah indicates that, not only does fire represent HaShem, but that in some way HaShem is fire:

Devarim (Deuteronomy) 4:24 For HaShem thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God.

Bereans (Hebrews) 12:29 For our God is a consuming fire.

Our Psalm portion alludes to the pillar of cloud and the pillar of fire that guided the Bne Israel during the exodus. Rashi’s interpretation, of this pillar, is based on the assumption that there are two distinct pillars: one of a cloud^{^[5]} the other of fire. Let us propose for a moment, without presenting all the arguments in favor of this view, that the text is speaking not of two separate pillars, but rather of one single pillar of fire and cloud together, fire on the inside and a cloud on the outside. The cloud is what is seen by day, and the fire is what they see at night. This idea is brought to clarity in a pasuk which comes immediately after the Bne Israel crossed the Yam Suf:

Shemot (Exodus) 14:24 And it came to pass in the morning watch, that HaShem looked forth upon the host of the Egyptians through the pillar^{^[6]} of FIRE and of CLOUD and discomfited the host of the Egyptians.

This merging of cloud and fire can also be seen in:

Shemot (Exodus) 40:33-37 When Moses had finished the work, the CLOUD covered the tent of meeting, and the presence of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. Moses could not enter the Tent of meeting, because the CLOUD had settled upon it and the presence of HaShem filled the Tabernacle. ...For over the Tabernacle, a CLOUD of HaShem rested by day, and FIRE would appear in it at night, in the view of all the house of Israel...

The pillar of fire and cloud is one and the same. The pillar was perceived as being both fire and cloud simultaneously. With this idea in mind, try to imagine what happened at Mt. Sinai on that fateful day:

Shemot (Exodus) 24:15-18 When Moses had ascended the mountain, the CLOUD covered the mountain. The presence of HaShem abode on Mount Sinai and the CLOUD hid it for six days. On the seventh day He called to Moses from the midst of the CLOUD. Now the presence of HaShem appeared in the sight of the Israelites as a consuming FIRE on the top of the mountain”.

This same imagery is seen even earlier in the days of Avraham at the covenant between the parts:

Bereshit (Genesis) 15:17 And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace (CLOUD), and a flaming (FIRE) torch that passed between these pieces. 18 In that day HaShem made a covenant with Abram, saying: ‘Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates;

Do these symbols take us back to Bereshit with the primal elements of (light) fire and dark? Is the cloud reminiscent of the primordial “mist that rose from the earth and watered the face of the ground”?^{^[7]}

There is, then, a continuum that runs from the revelation of the Shechinah^{^[8]} at the exodus from Egypt through the revelation at Mount Sinai to the building of the Mishkan, a continuum that gives expression to the deep inner connection between the various events, the exodus from Egypt, which testified to all that HaShem chose the people of Israel in order to rest His Shechinah among them; the revelation at Mount Sinai, in which HaShem revealed Himself to the entire nation; and the dedication of the Mishkan, at which time the Shechinah moved from Mount Sinai to the Mishkan in order to continue among the people of Israel and in permanent fashion the revelation that had begun at Sinai. As we shall see shortly, this revelation of HaShem in fire will continue into the Beit HaMikdash, the Temple.

Attention should also be paid to the following parallel:

Shemot 13	Shemot 40
HaShem went before them	And the cloud covered the Ohel Mo’ed,^{^[9]} and God’s glory filled the Mishkan
By day – in a pillar of cloud, to show them the way	For HaShem’s cloud was upon the Mishkan – by day
and at night – in a pillar of fire, to make light for them.	and fire was in it by night.

Thus, we learn that in the same way that HaShem was revealed when Bne Israel left Egypt, so He was revealed to them on Mount Sinai. And in the very same way He was revealed in the Ohel Moed. And just as in the two latter cases His glory was manifest as fire within a cloud, so it was in the first case. Thus, there are not two separate pillars, but rather only one. By day it is perceived as a cloud; by night it looks like fire. And thus, the final verse of Sefer Shemot ends:

Shemot (Exodus) 40:38 For the cloud of HaShem was upon the tabernacle by day, and there was fire therein by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.

Fire from heaven that consumes the offering on the altar is a recurring act in the Tanach. It is first displayed in the days of the Judges when Gideon sought the presence of HaShem and requested Divine communication.

Shoftim (Judges) 6:17-24 Gideon replied, “If now I have found favor in your eyes, give me a sign that it is really you talking to me. Please do not go away until I come back and bring my offering and set it before you.” And HaShem said, “I will wait until you return.” Gideon went in, prepared a young goat, and from an ephah of flour he made bread without yeast. Putting the meat in a basket and its broth in a pot, he brought them out and offered them to him under the oak. The angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened bread, place them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And Gideon did so. With the tip of the staff that was in his hand, the angel of HaShem touched the meat and the unleavened bread. Fire flared from the rock, consuming the meat and the bread. And the angel of HaShem disappeared. When Gideon realized that it was the angel of HaShem, he exclaimed, “Ah, Sovereign HaShem! I have seen the angel of HaShem face to face!” But HaShem said to him, “Peace! Do not be afraid. You are not going to die.” So, Gideon built an altar to HaShem there and called it HaShem is Peace. To this day it stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

When Elijah confronted the priests of Baal, he requested that HaShem manifest His presence and communicate this presence to those who were seeking strange gods. HaShem answered Elijah with fire from heaven:

I Melachim (Kings) 18:36-39 At the time of sacrifice, the prophet Elijah stepped forward and prayed: “HaShem, God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. Answer me, HaShem, answer me, so these people will know that you, HaShem, are God, and that you are turning their hearts back again.” Then the fire of HaShem fell and burned up the sacrifice, the wood, the stones, and the soil, and also licked up the water in the trench. When all the people saw this, they fell and prostrated and cried, “HaShem--he is God! HaShem--he is God!”

When Moshe finished erecting the Mishkan, fire came from heaven and consumed the offering, and lit the fire of the altar:

Vayikra (Leviticus) 9:23-24 And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of the congregation, and came out, and blessed the people: and the glory of HaShem appeared unto all the people. 24 And there came a fire out from before HaShem, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat: which when all the people saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces.

Midrash Rabbah - Genesis III:9 R. Samuel b. Ammi said: From the beginning of the world’s creation the Holy One, blessed be He, longed to enter into partnership with the mortals. For what will you: if it is a matter of time reckoning, it should say either one, two, three, or first, second, third, but surely not, one, second, third! When did the Holy One, blessed be He, repay them? At the erection of the Tabernacle, as it says, And he that presented his offering the first day,^{^[10]} meaning, the first of the world’s creation, for God said, ‘It is as though on that day I created My world.’ That day took ten crowns: it was the first of the creation, first in respect of kings, the princes, the priesthood, and the Shechinah, (as it says, And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them;^{^[11]} it was first in respect of blessing, sacrificial service, the prohibition of high places, killing at the north [side of the Altar], and the descending of fire, as it is said, And there came forth fire from before the Lord.^{^[12]}

On the site where King Solomon would build David’s Temple, fire from heaven was manifested even before the Temple was built.

I Divrei HaYamim (Chronicles) 21:22-27 David said to him, “Let me have the site of your threshing floor so I can build an altar to HaShem, that the plague on the people may be stopped. Sell it to me at the full price.” Araunah said to David, “Take it! Let my lord the king do whatever pleases him. Look, I will give the oxen for the burnt offerings, the threshing sledges for the wood, and the wheat for the grain offering. I will give all this.” But King David replied to Araunah, “No, I insist on paying the full price. I will not take for HaShem what is yours or sacrifice a burnt offering that costs me nothing.” So, David paid Araunah six hundred shekels of gold for the site. David built an altar to HaShem there and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. He called on HaShem, and HaShem answered him with fire from heaven on the altar of burnt offering. Then HaShem spoke to the angel, and he put his sword back into its sheath.

When King Solomon finished constructing King David’s Temple, HaShem demonstrated His presence and pleasure by consuming the offering with fire from heaven.

II Divrei HaYamim (Chronicles) 7:1-3 When Solomon finished praying, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of HaShem filled the temple. The priests could not enter the temple of HaShem because the glory of HaShem filled it. When all the Israelites saw the fire coming

down and the glory of HaShem above the temple, they knelt on the pavement with their faces to the ground, and they worshipped and gave thanks to HaShem, saying, “He is good; his love endures forever.”

There is an important component in the story of King Solomon, the fire from heaven, and Shemini Atzeret.^{^[13]} When the people saw that the gates were open, and the fire came down from heaven to consume, the first time, everything which was placed on the altar, they were filled with an extreme Simcha, joy, and they bowed, and prostrated on the floor of the Holy Temple, and sang, for the first time ever in the Tanach, the Hallel of David^{^[14]} “Ki Leolam Chasdo”.^{^[15]} Then they stood up, and the music instruments which David had made were playing, and they sang again the Hallel of David “Ki Leolam Chasdo”. This time not prostrating but standing. And here we encounter a new type of the Hallel. It is not said after a miracle of saving from the hands of the enemies, not as a Hallel which accompanies a mitzva, not as a song for the holiday, but as a thanksgiving song. For the general goodness of all the good which HaShem has done to Israel and to David. Moreover, that type of the Hallel was said while prostrated, and then while standing. Hence, the only Hallel which is equal to the Song of the day, where they prostrated themselves on the floor of the holy Temple, was on Shemini Atzeret.

So Shemini Atzeret is the birthday of the Fire from heaven on the altar, which burned, without interruption, for four hundred years.

This fire from heaven was also evident during the time of the Maccabees. After they cleansed the Temple, rebuilt the altar, and kindled the menorah, HaShem again communicated His presence and His pleasure with fire from heaven. In the book of Maccabees, we read as follows:

II Maccabees 2:1 “And now that our hearts desire to celebrate the day of the rededication of the altar ... you shall celebrate it, like the day upon which Nehemiah found the holy fire when he returned to build the Temple ... For when our fathers were exiled, the holy Kohanim secretly took the fire and hid it ... and it came to pass after many days that the king sent Nehemiah to Jerusalem ... they could not find the fire and found only freezing water instead ... and it happened that when they offered God’s sacrifice, he commanded them to sprinkle some of the water on the wood and on the sacrifice which was upon the altar, and they did so. When they had finished, and the sun shone upon the earth and the clouds were scattered, behold a heavenly fire ignited the sacrifice, and the entire nation surrounding it was astonished, and the Kohanim and all the nation fell upon their faces ... and the Kohanim sang praise and thanks to God.”

In all of the above cases, the significance of the miracle is that it bears testimony to the fact that the Shechinah dwells amongst Israel. The necessity of the sign comes about as a result of the nature of the Divine Presence in general.

We find fire from heaven which testifies to power of HaShem when He rained hail and fire on the Egyptians in the days of Moshe:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:23-4 So Moses stretched forth his staff heavenward, and HaShem gave forth thunder and hail, and fire came down to the earth, and HaShem rained down hail upon the land of Egypt. And there was hail, and fire flaming within the hail, very heavy, the likes of which had never been throughout the entire land of Egypt since it had become a nation.

Shemot Rabbah 12:4 Imagine two fierce legions who were always at war with one another, but when the king needed their services for his own battle, he made peace with them, so that both should carry out the orders of the king. In like manner, fire and hail are hostile to each other, but when the time came to make war with Egypt, God made peace between them, and both smote the Egyptians.

Midrash Rabbah - Shemot (Exodus) XII:2 BEHOLD, TO-MORROW ABOUT THIS TIME I WILL CAUSE IT TO RAIN A VERY GRIEVOUS HAIL (IX, 18). Zabdi b. Levi said: He scratched a mark on the wall and said: ‘When the sun reaches this mark to-morrow, the hail will descend.^{^[16]} SUCH AS HAD NOT BEEN IN ALL THE LAND OF EGYPT-there had been nothing like it before either in the rest of the world or in Egypt. [Again], it does not say ‘it will not be’, as in the case of the plague of the firstborn where we are told: Nor shall be like it anymore (Xl, 6), but SUCH AS HAD NOT BEEN, that is, had not been in the past, but there will be in the Time to Come.^{^[17]} When? In the days of Gog and Magog, as it is written: Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war (Iyov (Job) XXXVIII, 23), and similarly, An overflowing shower, and great hailstone, fire, and brimstone (Ezek. XXXVIII, 22).^{^[18]} NOW THEREFORE SEND, HASTEN IN THY CATTLE (IX, 19). See the mercies of God! Even in His wrath, He had mercy on the wicked and on their cattle, because He sent the plague of hail only on the produce of the land, even warning them to protect themselves and their cattle that they should not be smitten by the hail. HE THAT FEARED THE WORD OF HaShem AMONG THE SERVANTS OF PHARAOH (X, 20). Our Rabbis of blessed memory said: This refers to Iyov (Job).^{^[19]} AND HE THAT REGARDED NOT THE WORD OF HASHEM (ib. 21) refers to Pharaoh and his people.

Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Shemot 16 Pharaoh cried out: Entreat the Lord . . . and I will let them go.^{^[20]} Moses replied: You said that at the time of the first plague, and I pleaded in your behalf, but yet you did not send them away. Why should I entreat for thee and for thy servants?.^{^[21]} Pharaoh replied: I have sinned before the Lord your God and against you, but now I will let them go. When Moses heard that, Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread forth his hands unto the Lord; and the thunders and the hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.^{^[22]} They were suspended in mid-air. When did they descend? Some descended upon the Amorites in the days of Joshua, as it is said: The Lord cast dawn great stones from heaven upon them,^{^[23]} and the remainder will fall on Gog and Magog in the days of the Messiah. And the thunders ceased.^{^[24]} They, too, were suspended (in mid-air). They descended in the days of Elisha, against the camp of the Arameans, as it is said: For the Lord had made the hosts of the Arameans, to hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses.^{^[25]}

And the hail and sounds are still suspended in the air until the times of Gog and Magog, as it says, “And I will punish him with pestilence, blood, pouring rain, and hailstones”.^{^[26]} Further it says, “Tumult from the city, thunder from the Temple, and the sounds of HaShem will bring retribution to his enemies”.^{^[27]}

Yehezchel (Ezekiel) 38:18-22 On that day, when Gog sets foot on the soil of Israel—declares the Lord GOD—My raging anger shall flare up. 19 For I have decreed in My indignation and in My blazing wrath: On that day, a terrible earthquake shall befall the land of Israel. 20 The fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the beasts of the field, all creeping things that move on the ground, and every human being on earth shall quake before Me. Mountains shall be overthrown, cliffs shall topple, and every wall shall crumble to the ground. (21) I will then summon the sword against him throughout My mountains, declares the Lord GOD, and every man’s sword shall be turned against his brother. 22 I will punish him with pestilence and with bloodshed; and I will pour torrential rain, hailstones, and sulfurous fire upon him and his hordes and the many peoples with him.

In the introduction to the seventh plague, HaShem specifically states that the purpose of Pharaoh, and the seventh plague is:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:16 But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.

With the seventh plague HaShem starts to separate those who fear His name and those who do not:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:19-21 Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every man and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’” Those officials of Pharaoh who feared the word of HaShem hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. But those who ignored the word of HaShem left their slaves and livestock in the field.

The seventh plague is unique in several ways:

1. It is the only plague where HaShem indicates that it is ALL of the plagues:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:14 For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thy heart, and on thy servants, and on thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like Me in all the earth.

2. Shemot (Exodus) 9:30 contains a unique form of HaShem‘s name which is found nowhere else in the Torah:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:30 But I know that you and your officials still do not fear HaShem Elohim.

This combination of names is the equivalent of having ‘justice’ and ‘mercy’ at the same time. People are just not capable of these two things simultaneously.

3. This is the only plague where HaShem mixes two substances that ordinarily cannot be mixed:

Shemot (Exodus) 9:23-24 And Moshe stretched out his rod towards heaven: and HaShem sent thunder and hail; and the fire rained down upon the ground; and HaShem rained hail upon the land of Mitzrayim. So, there was

hail and fire flaring up amidst the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Mitzrayim since it became a nation.^{^[28]}

The fire is literally inside the hail! The fire would melt the ice, turning it into water. The water would quench the fire leaving only steam. Such a combination could never, ordinarily, exist in nature.

4. This is the only plague where HaShem gave the Egyptians and Pharaoh the option of not being hurt by it. Imagine a plague that does not hurt anyone who heeds HaShem‘s warning!

Shemot (Exodus) 9:18-22 Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now. Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every man and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’” Those officials of Pharaoh who feared the word of HaShem hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. But those who ignored the word of HaShem left their slaves and livestock in the field. Then HaShem said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt--on men and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.”

By putting the above points together, we can see that the combination of the two names of HaShem is like combining hail and fire. And even as HaShem gave the G-d fearers the “mercy” to avoid the plague; He gave those who did not fear HaShem: Justice. Truly this plague combined justice and mercy.

The final place where we see fire from heaven is in the destruction of the wicked at the battle of Har Megiddo.

Revelation 20:7-9 And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, 8 And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. 9 And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven and devoured them.

Our psalm portion speaks in a very mundane way about fire. It says the fire is to give light in the night.

Tehillim (Psalms) 105:39 He spread a cloud for a screen; and fire to give light in the night.

This light is not ordinary light. Like the lights of Chanukah, this light is very special. This light can shine through the darkness that overwhelms us in this long dark exile. This light is extraordinary!

Clearly this is no ordinary fire. This is a fire that speaks of guidance, of protection, and of the immediate presence of HaShem. The various mitzvot of our Torah portion are also meant to provide guidance, protection, and convey the immediate presence of HaShem. Let us look up and see the mitzvot with the same eyes that inspired David when he wrote our psalm.

Ashlamatah: Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11

Rashi	Targum
18. ¶ For so said the Lord, the Creator of heaven, Who is God, Who formed the earth and made it, He established it; He did not create it for a waste (Heb. לֹא-תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ –Lo Tohu B’ra’a), He formed it to be inhabited, "I am the Lord and there is no other.	18. For thus says the LORD, who created the heavens (He is God!), who founded the earth and made it - He established it; He did not create it for nothing (Heb. לֹא-תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ – Lo Tohu B’ra’a), but He established it to increase the sons of men upon it! "I am the LORD, and there is no other.
19. Not in secret did I speak, in a place of a land of darkness; I did not say to the seed of Jacob, Seek Me, in vain (Heb. תֹּהוּ – Tohu); I am the Lord, Who speaks righteousness (דֹּבֵר צֶדֶק – Dober Tsedeq – speak righteousness/generosity), declares things that are right(Heb. מַגִּיד מֵישָׁרִים – declaring what is right/straight).	19. I did not speak in secret in a place of a land of darkness; 1 did not say to the seed of the house of Jacob, 'Seek My fear for nothing (Heb. תֹּהוּ – Tohu).' I the LORD speak truth, declaring what is right.
20. Assemble and come, approach together, you survivors of the nations; those who carry their graven wooden image and pray to a god who does not save, do not know.	20. Assemble yourselves and come, draw near together, you who are delivered of the peoples! They have no knowledge who carry about their wooden image and beseech from a god who cannot save.
21. Declare and present, let them even take counsel together; who announced this from before, [who] declared it from then? Is it not I, the Lord, and there are no other gods besides Me, a just and saving God there is not besides Me.	21. Declare and draw near; take counsel together! Who announced this long ago and declared it of old? Was it not I, the LORD? And there is no other god besides me, a God who is virtuous and a Saviour; there is none except Me.
22. Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth, for I am God, and there is no other.	22. Turn to My Memra and be saved, all those at the ends of the earth! For 1 am God, and there is no other.
23. By Myself I swore, righteousness emanated from My mouth, a word, and it shall not be retracted, that to Me shall every knee kneel, every tongue shall swear."	23. By My Memra 1 have sworn, before Me has gone forth in virtue a word that will not be void: Before Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear.
24. But to me did He say by the Lord righteousness and strength, to Him shall come and be ashamed all who are incensed against Him.	24. Only in the Memra of the LORD has He promised me to bring virtues, and He is strong in His Memra; all the Gentiles who were stirred up against His people will give thanks and be ashamed of their idols.
25. Through the Lord shall all the seed of Israel find righteousness and boast.	25. In the Memra of the LORD all the seed of Israel will be justified and glorified.

1. Bel squats; Nebo soils himself; their idols were to the beasts and to the cattle; what you carry is made a load, a burden for the weary.	1. Bel kneels. Nebo is hewn down; their images are a likeness of beasts and cattle; the burdens of their idols are heavy upon those who carry them. and they are weary.
2. They soiled themselves, yea they squatted together, they could not deliver the burden, and they themselves have gone into captivity. {P}	2. They are cut off and hewn down together, they cannot save those who carry them, but those who serve them go into captivity.
3. Hearken to Me, the house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, who are borne from birth, carried from the womb.	3. Attend to my Memra, those of the house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, who have been beloved more than all the peoples, cherished more than all the kingdoms;
4. And until old age I am the same, and until you turn gray, I will carry; I have made, and I will bear and I will carry and deliver. {S}	4. even to eternity I am He, and to the age of the ages My Memra endures. I have created every man. I scattered them among the peoples; I will also forgive their sins and will pardon.
5. To whom shall you liken Me and make Me equal and compare Me that we may be alike?	5. Whom will you liken before Me and make equal and compare before Me in truth?
6. Those who let gold run from the purse and weigh silver with the balance; they hire a goldsmith, and he makes it a god, they kneel, yea they prostrate themselves.	6. Behold. the Gentiles collect gold from a purse, and weigh out silver in a balance, hire a goldsmith, and he makes it into a god; then they worship and are subjugated.
7. They bear it, on the shoulder they carry it, and they put it in its place and it stands, from its place it does not move; yea he cries to it and it does not answer; from his distress it does not save him. {S}	7. They lift it upon their shoulders, they carry it, they set it in its place, and it stands there; it is not possible for it to budge from its place. He even beseeches from it, and it does not answer or save him from his trouble.
8. Remember this and strengthen yourselves, take to heart, you transgressors.	8. Remember this and strengthen yourselves, recall to mind, O rebels,
9. Remember the first things (Heb. זִכְרוּ רִאשֹׁנוֹת – Zikeru Rishonot) of old, that I am God and there is no other; I am God and there is none like Me.	9. remember the former things which were of old; for 1 am God, and there is no other God besides Me,
10. [I] tell the end from the beginning (Heb. מַגִּיד מֵרֵאשִׁית אַחֲרִית – Magid MeResheet Acharit), and from before, what was not done; [I] say, 'My counsel shall stand, and all My desire I will do.'	10. declaring from the beginning the end and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, 'My counsel will stand, and I will accomplish all my pleasure,'
11. [I] call from the east a swift bird, from a distant land the man of My counsel; yea I spoke, I will also bring it; I formed it, I will also do it. {S}	11. who promised to gather the exiles from the east, to bring openly, like a swift bird from a far land, the sons of Abraham, My chosen, I have spoken, and I will bring it to pass; I have purposed, and I will do it.

Rashi’s Commentary on: Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11

18 He did not create it for a waste but He formed it to be inhabited.

19 Not in secret did I speak When I gave the Torah, and I did not say for naught and in vain to the seed of Jacob, Seek Me, but to receive great reward.

I am the Lord Who speaks righteousness Since I commenced to speak to them concerning My righteousness/ generosity, to inform them of the giving of their reward, afterwards I told them things that are right, My statutes and My laws, for before the giving of the Torah it was said to them, “And now, if you heed, etc., you shall be for Me a treasure...a kingdom of priests, etc.” (Ex. 19:5f.).

20 approach Heb. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ, an expression of approaching (הַגָּשָׁה) and the ‘nun’ is attached to it, as one says “they were struck (הִתְנַגְּפוּ) ”; “they will be struck (יִתְנַגְּפוּ).”

you survivors of the nations who survived the sword of Nebuchadnezzar.

who carry their graven wooden image...do not know to understand knowledge.

21 who announced this from before Who of your idols is it that announced from before that your God brought salvation, each one to its worshipers?

Is it not I, the Lord, and there are no other For I announce what I am destined to do for My people, and I fulfill My words.

22 Turn to Me and abandon your graven images, all the ends of the earth, and, thereby, you shall be saved.

23 By Myself I swore and righteousness/generosity emanated from My mouth to accept all those who return to Me. I spoke a word, and it will not be retracted. What is the righteousness/generosity that emanated from My mouth? That to Me shall every knee kneel, and I will accept them, as the matter is stated (Zeph. 3:9): “For then will I change for the people a pure language, to call all of them in the name of the Lord...”

24 But to me did He say by the Lord Heb. אַךְ בַה' לִי אָמַר [lit. but by the Lord to me He said]. This verse is inverted, and thus is its interpretation: But to me did He say by the Lord righteousness and strength. Although all the nations shall prostrate themselves before Him [correct reading according to Warsaw edition, K’li Paz, and mss.], but to Me alone, the congregation of Israel, has been promised by the Lord righteousness/generosity and strength, and other nations shall not be included in My glory.

to Him shall come and be ashamed etc. All who were incensed against the Holy One, blessed be He, shall come to Him to regret what they did in their lifetimes and be ashamed.

all who are incensed Heb. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בּוֹ, all who are incensed.

25 Through the Lord...find righteousness/generosity and boast Through the promise of the support of His love they shall find righteousness/generosity and boast of His strength.

boast Heb. וְיִתְהַלְלוּ, porvantir in O.F.

Chapter 46

1 Bel squats; Nebo soils himself The deities of Babylon squatted and soiled themselves. This is an expression of ridicule of the idols, like one who suffers from diarrhea and does not manage to sit down on the seat in the privy before he discharges with a splash.

Bel squats; Nebo soils himself Heb. כָּרַע בֵּל קֹרֵס נְבוֹ. Akropid sei Bel; konkiad sei Nebo. Bel squats; Nebo soils himself. So I heard in the name of Rabbenu Gershom, the Light of the Diaspora.

their idols were The images of the forms of Bel and Nebo were to the beasts and the cattle, compared to the beasts and the cattle, which soil and dirty themselves with their droppings.

what you carry is made a load, a burden The feces in their bowels are heavy to bear like a burden for a weary man. Therefore, they soiled themselves and squatted together, the soiling with the squatting.

2 they could not deliver the burden to discharge the feces in their bowels as others discharge, in the normal manner.

deliver Heb. מַלֵּט, an expression of discharging from an embedded place. Comp. (supra 34:15) “There, the owl has made its nest, and she has laid eggs (וַתְּמַלֵט),” he has discharged her egg. Comp. also (infra 66:7) “And she has been delivered (וְהִמְלִיטָה) of a male child.” Jonathan, however, did not render these verses in this manner.

3 who are borne from birth Since you were born in the house of Laban the Aramean, I bore you on My arms, for since then, adversaries stand up against you in every generation and not like the idolaters (other nations [K’li Paz and mss.]) who are laden and carry their Gods, as is mentioned above, but you are laden and borne in My arms.

4 And until old age that you have aged and your strength is depleted, that you have no merit, I am the same with My mercy and with My trait of goodness to save you and to bear you and to carry you and deliver you. Since he says regarding their deity, that it is carried and also that it cannot deliver its burden, he says, “But I bear others, and I will deliver My burden.”

5 and compare Me Heb. וְתַמְשִׁלֻנִי. Comp. (Job 30:19) “And I have become like (וָאֶתְמַשֵּׁל) dust and ashes.” An expression of comparison.

that we may be alike That I and he be alike, one to the other.

6 Those who let gold run from the purse Heb. הַזָּלִים, an expression of (Ps. 146:18) “Water runs (יִזְּלוּ).”

with the balance Heb. קָנֶה, the bar of a scale, called flael in O.F.

8 Remember this what I wish to say.

and strengthen yourselves Heb. וְהִתְאשָׁשׁוּ. Comp. (supra 16:7) “For the walls (לַאֲשִׁישֵׁי) of Kir-hareseth.”

take to heart, you transgressors And what do I say to you to remember and to take to heart?

9 Remember the first things of old that you have seen that I am God and there is no other; I am God and there is none like Me.

10 [I] tell the end from the beginning The Egyptian exile and its redemption I announced in the Covenant between the Segments, before they came about.

11 [I] call from the east a swift bird Heb. עַיִט. From the land of Aram, which is in the east, I called Abraham to Me to take counsel with Me. עַיִט Comp. (Dan. 2:14) “Answered with counsel (עֵיטָא) and discretion”; (ibid. 6:8) “All the presidents of the kingdom have taken counsel (אִתְיָעֲטוּ).” Alternatively, it can be interpreted as an expression of a bird. I called him to hasten after Me like a bird that flies and wanders from its place.

from a distant land I called My man of counsel, and with him I took counsel between the parts concerning the four exiles, as it is explained in Gen. Rabbah (44:17) “And behold, a fear, great darkness was falling upon him.” [“Fear” refers to Babylon... “Darkness” refers to Media, who darkened the eyes of Israel with fasting. “Great” refers to Greece... “Was falling upon him” refers to Edom..., etc.]

yea I spoke with him concerning the exiles and their redemption; I will also bring it.

Verbal Tallies

By: H.Em. Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David

& H.H. Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah

Bamidbar (Numbers) 30:2- 31:5

Tehillim (Psalms) 105:37-45

Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11

Mk 12:18-27, Lk 20:27-40, Rm 14:1-9

The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Psalm are:

Word / Promise - דבר, Strong’s number 01697.

Proceedeth / Gone out / Brought forth - יצא, Strong’s number 03318.

The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Ashlamata are:

Man - איש, Strong’s number 0376.

LORD - יהוה, Strong’s number 03068.

Swear - שבע, Strong’s number 07650.

Word / Promise - דבר, Strong’s number 01697.

Do - עשה, Strong’s number 06213.

Proceedeth / Gone out / Brought forth - יצא, Strong’s number 03318.

Mouth - פה, Strong’s number 06310.

Bamidbar (Numbers) 30:2 If a man <0376> vow <05087> (8799) a vow <05088> unto the LORD <03068>, or swear <07650> (8736) an oath <07621> to bind <0631> (8800) his soul <05315> with a bond <0632>; he shall not break <02490> (8686) his word <01697>, he shall do <06213> (8799) according to all that proceedeth <03318> (8802) out of his mouth <06310>.

Tehillim (Psalms) 105:37 He brought them forth <03318> (8686) also with silver <03701> and gold <02091>: and there was not one feeble <03782> (8802) person among their tribes <07626>.

Tehillim (Psalms) 105:42 For he remembered <02142> (8804) his holy <06944> promise <01697>, and Abraham <085> his servant <05650>.

Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 45:23 I have sworn <07650> (8738) by myself, the word <01697> is gone out <03318> (8804) of my mouth <06310> in righteousness <06666>, and shall not return <07725> (8799), That unto me every knee <01290> shall bow <03766> (8799), every tongue <03956> shall swear <07650> (8735).

Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 45:25 In the LORD <03068> shall all the seed <02233> of Israel <03478> be justified <06663> (8799), and shall glory <01984> (8691).

Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 46:11 Calling <07121> (8802) a ravenous bird <05861> from the east <04217>, the man <0376> that executeth my counsel <06098> from a far <04801> country <0776>: yea, I have spoken <01696> (8765) it, I will also bring <0935> (8686) it to pass; I have purposed <03335> (8804) it, I will also do <06213> (8799) it.

Hebrew:

Hebrew	English	Torah Reading Num. 30:2- 31:5	Psalms 105:37-45	Ashlamatah Is 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11
vyai	man	Num. 30:2 Num. 30:6 Num. 30:7 Num. 30:8 Num. 30:10 Num. 30:11 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:13 Num. 30:14 Num. 30:16		Isa. 46:11
rm;a'	saying	Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 45:24 Isa. 46:10
#r,a,	land, earth, ground		Ps. 105:44	Isa. 46:11
aAB	brought, come, bring		Ps. 105:40	Isa. 45:24 Isa. 46:11
tyIB;	house	Num. 30:3 Num. 30:10 Num. 30:16		Isa. 46:3
rBeDI	spoke, spoken	Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 46:11
rb'D'	word	Num. 30:2	Ps. 105:42	Isa. 45:23
ll;h'	praise		Ps. 105:45	Isa. 45:25
rk;z"	remember		Ps. 105:42	Isa. 46:8 Isa. 46:9
qxo	statutes	Num. 30:16	Ps. 105:45
hw"hoy>	LORD	Num. 30:2 Num. 30:3 Num. 30:5 Num. 30:8 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:16 Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 45:24 Isa. 45:25
ac'y"	proceeds, go out	Num. 30:2	Ps. 105:37 Ps. 105:38 Ps. 105:43	Isa. 45:23
laer'f.yI	Israel	Num. 31:2 Num. 31:4 Num. 31:5		Isa. 45:25 Isa. 46:3
af'n"	bear, carried, carry	Num. 30:15		Isa. 46:3 Isa. 46:4
!t;n"	vengeance, gave	Num. 31:3	Ps. 105:44
~[;	people	Num. 31:2 Num. 31:3	Ps. 105:43
hf'['	do, did, done, make, made	Num. 30:2		Isa. 46:4 Isa. 46:10 Isa. 46:11
hP,	mouth	Num. 30:2		Isa. 45:23
~Wq	stand, stood, rise up	Num. 30:4 Num. 30:5 Num. 30:7 Num. 30:9 Num. 30:11 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:13 Num. 30:14		Isa. 46:10
[b;v'	swears	Num. 30:2		Isa. 45:23
[m;v'	hear, heard	Num. 30:4 Num. 30:5 Num. 30:7 Num. 30:8 Num. 30:11 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:14 Num. 30:15		Isa. 46:3

Greek:

GREEK	ENGLISH	Torah Reading Num. 30:2- 31:5	Psalms 105:37-45	Ashlamatah Is 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11	Peshat Mishnah of Mark, 1-2 Peter, & Jude Mk 12:18-27	Tosefta of Luke Lk 20:27-40
ἀδελφός	brother				Mk. 12:19 Mk. 12:20	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:29
αἰών	eon, age			Isa 46:9		Lk. 20:34 Lk. 20:35
ἀνάστασις	resurrection				Mk. 12:18 Mk. 12:23	Lk. 20:27 Lk. 20:33 Lk. 20:35 Lk. 20:36
ἀνίστημι	rise				Mk. 12:23 Mk. 12:25
ἀποθνήσκω	die				Mk. 12:19 Mk. 12:20 Mk. 12:21 Mk. 12:22	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:29 Lk. 20:30 Lk. 20:31 Lk. 20:32 Lk. 20:36
ἀποκρίνομαι	answerrd				Mk. 12:24	Lk. 20:34 Lk. 20:39
ἀσθενέω	weak		Psa 105:37
βάτος	bush				Mk. 12:26	Lk. 20:37
γαμέω	marry				Mk. 12:25	Lk. 20:34 Lk. 20:35
γράφω	wrote				Mk. 12:19	Lk. 20:28
γυνή	wife	Num 30:3 Num 30:16			Mk. 12:19 Mk. 12:20 Mk. 12:22 Mk. 12:23	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:29 Lk. 20:30 Lk. 20:32 Lk. 20:33
δεύτερος	second				Mk. 12:21	Lk. 20:30
διδάσκαλος	teacher				Mk. 12:19	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:39
ἐγείρω	rise				Mk. 12:26	Lk. 20:37
εἴδω	behold			Isa 46:5	Mk. 12:24
ἐξανίστημι	raise up				Mk. 12:19	Lk. 20:28
ἐπερωτάω	asked				Mk. 12:18	Lk. 20:27 Lk. 20:40
ἑπτά	seven				Mk. 12:20 Mk. 12:22 Mk. 12:23	Lk. 20:29 Lk. 20:31 Lk. 20:33
ἔπω	said			Isa 46:10	Mk. 12:24 Mk. 12:26	Lk. 20:34 Lk. 20:39
ἔρχομαι	come, came		Psa 105:40		Mk. 12:18
ἔσχατος	last	Num 31:2		Isa 46:10	Mk. 12:22
ζάω	living				Mk. 12:27	Lk. 20:38
ἡμέρα	day	Num 30:5 Num 30:7 Num 30:8 Num 30:12 Num 30:14 Num 30:15
θεός	God			Isa 45:23 Isa 45:2	Mk. 12:24 Mk. 12:26 Mk. 12:27	Lk. 20:36 Lk. 20:37 Lk. 20:38
ἵστημι	stand, stood, rise up	Num. 30:4 Num. 30:5 Num. 30:7 Num. 30:9 Num. 30:11 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:13 Num. 30:14		Isa. 46:10
καταλείπω	leaves				Mk. 12:19	Lk. 20:31
κύριος	LORD	Num. 30:2 Num. 30:3 Num. 30:5 Num. 30:8 Num. 30:12 Num. 30:16 Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 45:24 Isa. 45:25		Lk. 20:37
λαλέω	spoke, spoken, told	Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 46:11
λαμβάνω	take, took, taken	Num 30:15			Mk. 12:19 Mk. 12:20 Mk. 12:21 Mk. 12:22	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:29 Lk. 20:30 Lk. 20:31
λέγω	saying	Num. 31:1 Num. 31:3		Isa. 45:24 Isa. 46:10	Mk. 12:18 Mk. 12:26	Lk. 20:28 Lk. 20:37
νεκρός	dead				Mk. 12:25 Mk. 12:26 Mk. 12:27	Lk. 20:35 Lk. 20:37 Lk. 20:38
οὐρανός	heavens		Psa 105:40		Mk. 12:25
πιστεύω	trust
πλανάω	misled, mistaken	Isa 46:5 Isa 46:8			Mk. 12:24 Mk. 12:27
ποιέω	do, did, done, make, made	Num. 30:2		Isa. 46:4 Isa. 46:10 Isa. 46:11
πρῶτος	first				Mk. 12:20	Lk. 20:29
σπέρμα	seed			Isa 45:25	Mk. 12:19 Mk. 12:20 Mk. 12:21 Mk. 12:22	Lk. 20:28
τέκνον	children				Mk. 12:19	Lk. 20:31
τρίτος	third				Mk. 12:21	Lk. 20:31
υἱός	son	Num 31:2 Num 31:4		Isa 45:25	Matt. 23:15	Lk. 20:34 Lk. 20:36
ὡσαύτως	likewise				Mk. 12:21	Lk. 20:31

Nazarean Talmud

Sidra of B’midbar (Numbers) 30:2- 31:5

“El Roshe HaMatot” “To the heads of the tribes”

By: H. Em Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham

School of Hakham Shaul’s Tosefta

Luqas (LK)

School of Hakham Tsefet’s Peshat

Mordechai (Mk)

Now some of the Sadducees—who deny that there is a resurrection—came up and asked him, saying, “Rabbi, Moshe Rabbenu, wrote for us if someone’s brother dies having a wife, and this man is childless, that his brother should take the wife and father descendants for his brother. Now there were seven brothers, and the first took a wife and died childless, and the second, and the third took her, and likewise also the seven did not leave children and died. Finally the woman also died. Therefore in the resurrection, the woman—whose wife will she be? For the seven had her as wife.” And Yeshua said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage, but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and to the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage, for they are not even able to die any longer, because they are like the messengers and are sons of God, because they are sons of the resurrection. But that the dead are raised, even Moses revealed in the passage about “the bush,” when he calls

the LORD the God of Abraham and the God of Yitzchaq (Isaac) and the God of Ya’aqob” (Jacob). Now he is not God of the dead, but of the living, for all live to him!” And some of the scribes answered and said, “Rabbi, you have spoken well.” For they no longer dared to ask him anything.

And some of the Sadducees (Heb. Tz'dukim) who say there is no resurrection, came to him (Yeshua). And ‎they questioned Him, saying, Rabbi, ‎ Moshe Rabbenu, wrote for us that:‎ If brothers reside together, and one of them dies having no son, the dead man's wife will not marry an ‎outsider. Rather, her husband's brother will be intimate with her, making her a wife for himself, thus ‎performing the obligation of a husband's brother with her. And it will be, that the eldest brother who ‎performs the levirate marriage, if she can bear will succeed in the name of his deceased brother, "It will be that the firstborn whom she bears will assume the name of his dead brother, so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel. (Deut. 25:6) There were seven brothers. And the first took a wife, and when he died (he) left no seed.‎ ‎And the second himself took her, and died, and neither did he leave seed; and the third did likewise.‎ And all seven took her and left no seed. And finally, the woman died.‎ Then in the Day of the resurrection, when they rise, which of them will she be wife? For the ‎seven had her (as a) wife.‎ And Yeshua answered them saying, have you been led astray because of this, not knowing the ‎Scriptures and their oral elucidation or the dynamic and supernatural power of God?‎ For when they rise again^{^[29]} from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in

marriage, but are as ‎ hermaphrodite^{^[30]} messengers (ambassadors from) the Heavens.‎ But concerning the dead, that they are raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the Torah ‎Seder “Out Of The Midst Of A Bush,” how God spoke to him saying, “I am the God of your father, the ‎God of Abraham, the God of Yitzchaq (Isaac), and the God of Ya’aqob (Jacob)?” (Exo 3:6). ‎He is not the God of the dead, but God of the living. Therefore, you are greatly led astray.‎

Nazarean Codicil to be read in conjunction with the following Torah Seder

*Num 30:2- 31:5

Ps 105: 37-45

Is 45:23-25 + 46:3-5, 8-11

Mk 12:18-27

1 Luqas 20:27-40

Commentary to Hakham Tsefet’s School of Peshat

Josephus reports that the Tz’dukim (Sadducees) did not believe in the resurrection.

Jwr 2:164-166 But the Sadducees are those who compose the second order, and take away fate entirely, and suppose that God is not concerned in our doing or not doing what is evil; and they say, that to act what is good, or what is evil, is at men's own choice, and that the one or the other belongs so to everyone, that they may act as they please. They also take away the belief of the immortal duration of the soul, and the punishments and rewards in Hades. Moreover, the Pharisees are friendly to one another, and are for the exercise of concord, and regard for the public; but the behaviour of the Sadducees one toward another is in some degree wild; and their conduct with those who are of their own party is as barbarous as if they were strangers to them. And this is what I had to say concerning the philosophic sects among the Jews.^{^[31]}

This fact is well established and need not be expounded upon. What strikes our interest is the repetitive mention of the resurrection. As the memories of the “High Holy Days” begin to fade and we look to the coming of Hanukah. Yet Hakham Tsefet and Hakham Shaul, as we will see, both revel in the afterglow of the Akedah. Again, the question arises as to the veracity of Abraham’s full obedience in making Yitzchaq a burnt offering. Here the commentary is Peshat, therefore the reader should understand that the event actually did happen.^{^[32]} In other words, Abraham reduced his son to ashes with absolute faith and faithfulness. By G-d resurrecting Yitzchaq from the ashes, Abraham declared G-d to be the Tsaddiq. Can we fathom the depth of Abraham’s trust in G-d?

The origins of the Tz’dukim (Sadducees)

Antigonos of Sokho received the tradition from Simon the Just who was the last of the Men of the Great Assembly.

Aboth 1:3 Antigonos of Sokho received [the Torah] from Simeon the Righteous. He would say, “Do not be like servants who serve the master on condition of receiving a reward, “but [be] like servants who serve the master not on condition of receiving a reward. “And let the fear of Heaven be upon you.”

As can be seen, the statement of Antigonos does not undermine the idea of the resurrection. His point was only that we are not to serve the master on condition of receiving a reward. Yet the Tz’dukim understood the saying of their master inappropriately, believing there would be no resurrection.

Why did the Tz’dukim miss the point?

The origin of the Tz’dukim developed out of a misunderstanding of the scriptures. Because the Tz’dukim developed out of a misunderstanding or the Scriptures and failure to understand Biblical Hermeneutics the sect lived a life devoted to the Olam HaZeh (the here and now). The epicurean mentality naturally ensued. Yeshua, in Hebraic fashion, states that they have been “led astray” because of this ignorance.^{^[33]} Herein the responsibility of the Talmid is inferred. The supposed elaborate fabrication of the Tz’dukim’s use of the Levirate marriage only served to demonstrate their ignorance rather than their mastery of Scripture. Not only had they been led astray they themselves had wandered astray. If the previous group which tried to entrap Yeshua with political interrogations did not achieve their aim, this group of “some Tz’dukim” must have been the talmidim of the so-called Soferim (scribes) of the Tz’dukim. They wanted to impress their masters by demonstrating that they were able to thwart Yeshua’s theonomy.

This pericope of Mordechai is about failed logic and ineffectual hermeneutic. Before there can be a progressive hermeneutic there must be a progressive logic. Nathan Cardozo begins his teaching on hermeneutics with the principle of “Sevarah” (logical deduction).^{^[34]} In his preface to the “Handbook of Rabbinic Theology,” Prof. Jacob Neusner tells us how valuable the Oral Torah really is with the following words:

James Joyce is reputed to have said that if Dublin were destroyed, it could be reconstructed, brick by brick, from the pages of Ulysses. Along these same lines, I allege, if the Hebrew Scriptures of ancient Israel, the Written Torah, were lost, the main lines of the narrative of Israel's life with God and the consequent social vision could be reconstructed out of the details of the Halakhah, norms of conduct, and of the Aggadah, norms of conviction, that are set forth in the Oral Torah, that is, the canon of Rabbinic writings of late antiquity.^{^[35]}

This statement is very insightful. If the Written Torah were lost, the Oral Torah could reconstruct it. The system proposed by Prof. Jacob Neusner is based on the use of the Theology of Rabbinic Grammar, The Theology of the Oral Torah: Revealing the Justice of G-d and finally Halakha. The tools serve to elucidate the Written Torah, which the Tz’dukim could not master. Their lack of mastery of the Oral Torah resulted in their ignorance of the Written Torah. In this pericope, Yeshua demonstrates a concise measure of exegetical interpretation applied by the P’rushim as a means of reconstructing the intent of G-d in the Torah.

Schiffman intimates that the Tz’dukim also rejected the writings of the Prophets.^{^[36]} He further advocates that they also held a form of Biblical exegesis by which they derived laws that varied from the interpretation of the P’rushim.^{^[37]} If this were true then the Soferim of the Tz’dukim would have held diametric views to any of the P’rushim’s group. Yeshua demonstrates one such problematic issue in this pericope. For an example, what is hard to comprehend is how the Tz’dukim explained the angelic visitations of the Tanakh.^{^[38]} This demonstrates a flawed exegetical practice.

Lawrence Schiffman also submits that not all Tz’dukim followed the practices as expounded in the Nazarean Codicil. In addition, that we should not judge all the Tz’dukim from the examples of the Nazarean Codicil. He suggests that there were those who were faithful to the Torah and the ancestral way of life. It may have been from this group that the Dead Sea Sect developed because of being unable to tolerate the replacement of the Zadokite high priest with a Hasmonean.^{^[39]} This would account for our translation “some of the “Tz’dukim.”^{^[40]} Also, some of the Tz’dukim became exemplary followers of the Master (Acts 21:20).

No Power, No Resurrection

Yeshua associates the ignorance of the Tz’dukim with the dynamic (living) power of G-d. Here we use “living” because the implication is that of following (living out) the oral law. We would seriously doubt that the Tz’dukim followed such halakha. If, they attempted to follow some sort of “Biblical Halakha” without the Oral Torah, they would have again missed the mark. We need not remind the reader the critical importance of the implications. The observance of the Tz’dukim could not be genuine obedience. Again, the resultant epicurean régime of the Tz’dukim would have taken precedence over authentic halakhic practice. A living G-d demands a living person. Torah and the Oral Torah demand a living body to implement its dictates.

Rabbinic Scholars tell us that the architectural instrument that G-d used to construct the universe from is the Torah (Prov. 8:30).^{^[41]} Others report that the Torah equates to the DNA of the universe.

If the Torah is the architectural genius of the universe, it demands dynamic interaction. Static relationship to the Torah renders both us and the Torah ineffectual. Hence, Yeshua demanded a fervent relationship to G-d and His Torah. The Tz’dukim lacked such a relationship. They were constantly in upheaval and trying to instigate violent reactions to their practice and theology. They were unable to fathom the philosophical aspects of the Torah.

While Yeshua quotes Scripture to the Tz’dukim with justifiable cause, G-d demands a dynamic reaction. Yeshua uses Scriptural text and Sevarah to invalidate the faulty logical reasoning of the Tz’dukim. In the same vein Prof. Jacob Neusner, finds the resurrection logical and dynamic.

Paradigmatic thinking in monotheism necessarily generates the conviction of resurrection. This is stated in so many words. The certainty of resurrection derives from a simple fact of restorationist theology: God has already shown that he can do it, so Genesis Rabbah LXXVII:I.1: "You find that everything that the Holy One, blessed be he, is destined to do in the age to come he has already gone ahead and done through the righteous in this world. The Holy One, blessed be he, will raise the dead, and Elijah raised the dead." The sages deem urgent the task of reading outward and forward from Scripture, and at the critical conclusion of their theological system the oral Torah focuses upon Scripture's evidence, the regularization of Scripture's facts.^{^[42]}

Neusner points to Eliyahu as the precedent for his thesis. However, we must emphasize that the true original precedent is not to be found in the story of Eliyahu but rather in the Akeda (Binding of) Yitzchaq. Abraham provides the living dynamic in faithful obedience establishing the precedent for Yeshua’s death and resurrection as well as the general resurrection from the dead. What secrets does Yitzchaq hold concerning the resurrection?

Some Questions to Ponder:

1. From all the readings for this week, which particular verse or passage caught your attention and fired your heart and imagination?

2. In your opinion, and taking into consideration all of the above readings for this Sabbath, what is the prophetic message (the idea that encapsulates all the Scripture passages read) for this week

Blessing After Torah Study

Barúch Atáh Adonai, Elohénu Meléch HaOlám,

Ashér Natán Lánu Torát Emét, V'Chayéi Olám Natá B'Tochénu.

Barúch Atáh Adonái, Notén HaToráh. Amen!

Blessed is Ha-Shem our GOD, King of the universe,

Who has given us a teaching of truth, implanting within us eternal life.

Blessed is Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!

“Now unto Him who is able to preserve you faultless, and spotless, and to establish you without a blemish,

before His majesty, with joy, [namely,] the only one GOD, our Deliverer, by means of Yeshua the Messiah our Master, be praise, and dominion, and honor, and majesty, both now and in all ages. Amen!”

Coming Festival: Chanukah

[Evening November 28th – Evening December 6, 2021]

For further information please see:

https://www.betemunah.org/lapin.html ; http://www.betemunah.org/connection.html ;

https://www.betemunah.org/chanukah.html ; http://www.betemunah.org/lights.html

Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai

Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David

Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham

Edited by Adon Ovadyah ben Abraham and Adon Aviner ben Abraham

Please e-mail any comments to chozenppl@gmail.com

[1] This is our verbal tally between the Torah and the Psalm: Holy - קדש, Strong’s number 06944.

[4] These opening remarks are excerpted, and edited, from: The ArtScroll Tanach Series, Tehillim, A new translation with a commentary anthologized from Talmudic, Midrashic, and rabbinic sources. Commentary by Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Feuer, Translation by Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Feuer in collaboration with Rabbi Nosson Scherman.

[5] “A PILLAR OF CLOUD: Because HaShem’s presence is never fully revealed.”

[6] The pillar can only be divine. A whirlwind can form a temporary pillar of cloud, a bonfire can make a pillar of flame and sparks, and an erupting volcano can do both, but a continuously moving pillar of cloud and fire is a miracle.

[8] Shechinah שכינה is derived from the word shochen שכן, “to dwell within”. The Shechinah is G‑d as G‑d is dwelling within. Sometimes we translate Shechinah as “The Divine Presence". The word Shechinah is feminine, and so when we refer to G‑d as the Shechinah, we say “She”. Of course, we’re still referring to the same One G‑d, just in a different modality.

[9] The Ohel Moed is normally translated as the tent of meeting. Literally, however, in means the tent of appointment. This includes the concept of both a particular time as well as a particular place.

[13] Ta’anith 28b R. Johanan said in the name of R. Simeon ben Jehozadok: “Eighteen times during the year an individual may recite the whole Hallel, and they are: On the eight days of the Feast of Tabernacles (Shemini Atzeret is the eighth day of Succoth), on the eight days of the Feast of Dedication (Chanukah), on the first day of the Passover, and on the day of Pentecost. While in exile, however, one may recite it twenty-one times during the year, namely: On the nine days of the festival of Tabernacles, on the eight days of Chanukah, on the first two days of Passover, and on the two days of Pentecost.”

[14] Full Hallel[14] or הלל שלם, Hallel Shalem in Hebrew is the complete Hallel consisting of all six Psalms (113-118) of the Hallel, in their entirety. Hallel is the name given in the Talmud and in rabbinical writings to Tehillim (Psalms) 113 to 118, considered as a single composition, which they undoubtedly are. They are more distinctively known as the “Hallel of Egypt”, as distinguished from Tehillim (Psalms) 136, the “Great Hallel”, and from Tehillim (Psalms) 146-148. (In a Baraita apparently designated as a kind of Hallel: Shabbat 118b)

[15] Ki Leolam Chasdo = For His mercy endures forever.

[16] Cf. Gen. R. XXXIII (end). The word ka-’eth implies at exactly the same time.

[17] This translation disregards the punctuation of cur. edd., which makes the meaning very doubtful, and is in accord with Y.M.

[18] The prophecy is against Gog; cf. infra, XXIII, 6.

[28] “The Jerusalem Bible”, Koren Publishers, Jerusalem.

[29] Note here that the discussion is in relation to the “resurrection.” Jewish scholars have discussed the order of the “End of Days” with no specific conclusion. Yet it would appear that the “resurrection of the dead” occurs just before entrance into the Olam HaBa.

[30] A hermaphrodite, having both male and female sex organs or other sexual characteristics, two genders in one “body.”

Genesis Rabbah VIII:1 1. AND GOD SAID: LET US MAKE MAN, etc. (I, 26). R. Johanan commenced [his discourse]: Thou hast formed me behind and before, etc. (Ps. CXXXIX, 5). Said R. Johanan: If a man is worthy enough, he enjoys both worlds, for it says, ‘Thou hast formed me for a later [world] and an earlier [world].’ But if not, he will have to render a full account [of his misdeeds], as it is said, And laid Thy hand upon me (ib.). R. Jeremiah b. Leazar said: When the Holy One, blessed be He, created Adam, He created him a hermaphrodite [bi-sexual], for it is said, Male and female created He them and called their name Adam (Gen.V, 2). R. Samuel b. Nahman said: When the Lord created Adam He created him double-faced, then He split him and made him of two backs, one back on this side and one back on the other side. To this it is objected: But it is written, And He took one of his ribs, etc. (Gen. II, 21)? [Mi-zalothaw means] one of his sides, replied he, as you read, And for the second side (zela’) of the tabernacle, etc. (Ex.XXVI 20)

Here the Tz’dukim fail to understand the cycle of creation and redemption. B’resheet 1:5 “it was morning and evening of the day of unity.” Everything began in a state of unity and was gradually divided by the fall of the “light bearer.” His failure, abandonment of post requires restoration, tikun. Adam’s initial state was as a hermaphrodite. Most likely we will experience this return in the Olam HaBa. At this point we will be reunited with every fragment of our soul. While there is a great amount of conjecture and argument on this matter it is most likely that these events will take place after the “Days of Messiah” which will usher in the “End” and Olam HaBa. Initially “Adam” was all humanity. All humanity existed in Adam’s body. Only after G-d separated Chava (Eve) from Adam’s side was there “division.” Yet Adam’s job was to become “many,” to divide through procreation.” “Redemption is Jewish terms requires a restoration to bring return and recreation of past conditions to be felt as ideal ... Here hope turned to the reestablishment of original state of things and to a "life with the ancestors." Maimonides, whose statements regarding the Messianic idea … is nourished to no small degree which now appears projection upon the past instead of projection of the future. Scholem, Gershom. The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality. New York: Schocken Books, 1995. p. 3 - 4

[32] Otherwise, we have no precedent for the crucifixion! However, if the sacrifice of Isaac did happen then we have a clear precedent for the crucifixion of the Master. And if this be so, then we have a rationale for the morning and evening tamid offering, as well as the obligation to recite the Sh’ma twice a day – morning and evening.

[34]Cardozo, Nathan T. Lopes, The Witten and Oral Torah, Jason Aronson Inc. 1997 p. 123

[35] Neusner, Jacob, Handbook of Rabbinic Theology, Brill Academic Publishers, Inc. 2002 Preface

[36] Schiffman, Lawrence H. From Text to Tradition, A History of Second Temple & Rabbinic Judaism, Ktav Publishing House, Inc., 1991 p.108

[38] The presence and activity of Angelic beings is popular in the book of Beresheet. How the Tz’dukim missed this literal truth, is a further example of their flawed exegesis.

[39] Schiffman, Lawrence H. From Text to Tradition, A History of Second Temple & Rabbinic Judaism, Ktav Publishing House, Inc., 1991, p.110

[41] Cohen, A. Everyman’s Talmud, Schocken Books 1949 p.29

[42] Neusner, Jacob, Recovering Judaism, The Universal Dimension of Judaism, Fortress Press, 2001 p. 99